Zithini iibheringi kulwakhiwo?

Iibheringi kulwakhiwo zizinto zesakhiwo ezithutha imithwalo kwaye zilungele iintshukumo phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo esakhiwo. Ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo kunye nobude bexesha. Iibheringi zilawula amandla anjengokwanda, ukucutheka, ukujikeleza, kunye nokuguqulwa, okubangelwa kukutshintsha kobushushu, umsebenzi wokunyikima, kunye nemithwalo ephilayo. Iiprojekthi zemarike yeebheringi zokwakhaUkukhula kwe-CAGR nge-5.62% ukusuka ngo-2025 ukuya ku-2035, ebonisa indima ebalulekileyo yala macandelo, adla ngokuvela kwingcali ekhethekileyoumzi-mveliso wokuthwala, bamba.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Iibheringi zokwakha zinceda izakhiwo kunye neebhulorho ukuba zihambe ngokukhuselekileyo. Ziphatha utshintsho oluvela kubushushu, umoya, kunye neenyikima.
• Iibheringi zithutha imithwalo ukusuka kwenye indawo yesakhiwo ukuya kwenye. Oku kuthintela uxinzelelo olukhulu kwaye kwenza izakhiwo zihlale ixesha elide.
• Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeebheringizikhona kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Imizekelo ibandakanya iibheringi ze-elastomeric, imbiza, kunye neebheringi ezingqukuva.

Kutheni iibheringi zibalulekile ekwakheni

Iibheringi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lwanamhlanje, ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko, uzinzo, kunye nobude bexesha lezakhiwo. Zenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo ezenza zibe zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli.

Ukwamkela iNtshukumo yoLwakhiwo

Izakhiwo azimi ndawonye; zihlala zifumana iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo. Utshintsho lobushushu lubangela ukuba izinto zande kwaye zinciphe. Umsebenzi wenyikima, umoya, kwanobunzima babantu kunye nezithuthi zibangela amandla aguqukayo. Iibheringi zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukulawula ezi ntshukumo. Umzekelo,izibalo zokuhamba kweebheringi zebhulorho zichaza ngokucacileyo ukwanda kunye nokuncitshiswa kobushushuBakwaqwalasela nezinye izinto ezifana nokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi, ukushwabana, kunye nokufinyeza kwe-elastic kwizakhiwo ezixineneyo.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeebheringi zisingatha ezi ntshukumo ngeendlela ezikhethekileyo.Iibheringi zeRocker zivumela ukujikeleza kunye nentshukumo ethile yoguqulelo, esetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwiibhulorho ezinkulu ukuze kulungiselelwe ukwanda nokuncipha kobushushu. Iiroli ezixhasayo zivumela intshukumo kwicala elinye, ngesiqhelo zithe tye, ngelixa zithintela intshukumo ethe nkqo. Iinjineli zihlala zizisebenzisa kwiibhulorho nakwiimitha ezinde ukulawula ukwanda nokuncipha kobushushu.

Ezinye iintlobo zeebhereyitha zibonelela ngezakhono ezikhethekileyo zokunyakaza.Iibheringi ze-Elastomeric zilungelelanisa ukufuduka kwazo ngokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwazo kwe-elasticIibheringi zeembiza zinokudityaniswa neendawo ezityibilikayo ukuvumela intshukumo yoguqulelo. Iibheringi ezijikelezayo zineeplanga ezigobileyo ukuxhasa imithwalo ephezulu kunye nentshukumo, nto leyo ezenza zibe zilungele iijometri ezintsonkothileyo kunye neemfuno ezibalulekileyo zokujikeleza.

Iibheringi zenzelwe uluhlu oluthile lokuhamba. Umzekelo,Iibheringi zeDisktron zeRJ Watson zinomthamo wokujikeleza odlula iiradians eziyi-0.08Iibheringi ezijikelezayo zivumela ukujikeleza kuzo zombini iindlela ezinde nezinqamlezileyo kunye nokushenxiswa kwicala elinye. Iibheringi ezizinzileyo zivumela ukujikeleza kulo naliphi na icala kodwa zithintela naluphi na ushenxiso. Iibheringi ezijikelezayo zivumela ukujikeleza kunye nokushenxiswa kulo naliphi na icala. Iibheringi ezijikelezayo ezikhokelwayo zenzelwe iimfuno zokushenxiswa kweebhulorho ezigobileyo. Iinjineli zide zatshintsha iibheringi ze-abutment kwiHoover Dam Bypass Bridge ukuze zibuyisele ukuqina okude kuluhlu lokuhamba lwe-intshi ezi-5.

Ukudluliselwa komthwalo okusebenzayo

Iibheringizibalulekile ekudluliseni imithwalo ngokufanelekileyo ukusuka kwenye inxalenye yesakhiwo ukuya kwenye. Iibheringi zolwakhiwo zizixhobo ezifakwe kwiibhulorho ukuhambisa imithwalo ukusuka kwisakhiwo esingaphezulu ukuya kwisakhiwo esingaphantsi. Zenzelwe ukuphatha imithwalo eyahlukeneyo yoyilo, kubandakanya imithwalo efileyo, imithwalo ephilayo, imithwalo yomoya, kunye nemithwalo yenyikima. Oku kuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olufanelekileyo phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zebhulorho kwaye kwenza kube lula ukudluliselwa kwamandla ezithuthi nawangaphandle. Ngaphandle kweebheringi, imithwalo exineneyo iya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izinto ezixhasayo, nto leyo enokubangela uxinzelelo lwendawo kunye nokusilela kwesakhiwo. Umzi-mveliso weebheringi okhethekileyo wenza ezi zinto ngokuchanekileyo ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo zokuthwala imithwalo.

Ukunciphisa Uxinzelelo kunye Nokwandisa Ubomi

Ngokuvumela intshukumo kunye nokwenza kube lula ukuhanjiswa komthwalo ngokufanelekileyo, iibheringi ziyanciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo kwizinto zesakhiwo. Xa isakhiwo sanda okanye sincipha, okanye xa sifumana amandla enyikima, iibheringi ziyafunxa kwaye zisasaze ezi ntshukumo. Oku kuthintela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo ekuqokeleleni kwiikhonkco eziqinileyo, ezinokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni, ekudinweni, okanye nasekusileleni okukhulu. Ngokunciphisa olu xinzelelo, iibheringi zikhusela ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo sonke. Olu lawulo olusebenzayo lwamandla lwandisa ubomi bezakhiwo, iibhulorho, kunye nezinye iziseko, kunciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwexesha elide.

Iintlobo zeebheringi ezisetyenziswa ekwakheni

Iiprojekthi zokwakha zixhomekeke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhereyitha, nganye yenzelwe iimeko ezithile zomthwalo kunye neemfuno zokuhamba. Ukuqonda la mahluko kunceda iinjineli zikhethe isisombululo esifanelekileyo sokuqina kwesakhiwo kunye nobude bexesha.

Iibheringi ze-Elastomeric

Iibheringi ze-elastomeric zizinto eziguquguqukayo ezivumela ukuhamba ngokuhamba ngokuguquguquka. Zihlala ziqulathe iileya zerabha ze-neoprene ezifakwe i-laminated. Iishim zentsimbi ezincinci zidibene ngaphakathi kwezi leya. Ezinye iindlela zoyilo ziquka iipleyiti zentsimbi kwiindawo zazo eziphezulu nezisezantsi. Umzekelo, iibheringi zinokuba neeleya zerabhaUbude obuyi-8 mm okanye i-12 mm, kunye neengqimba zentsimbi ezilingana ne-3 mm okanye i-4 mm, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bebhereji iyonke.

Iinjineli zihlala zichaza iibheringi ze-elastomeric kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.xhasa izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ezingaphezulukwaye zithumela imithwalo kwizakhiwo ezingaphantsi. Ezi bearing zisebenza kakuhle nakwezinye iintlobo zezinto kunye nezakhiwo. Zithandwa kakhuluiinkqubo ze-girder zekhonkrithi ezixineneyo ezimfutshane ukuya kweziphakathiOku kungenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuthembekileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kunye nokulula kokufakela. Usetyenziso lwe-girder yentsimbi olufunwa kakhulu, ingakumbi olo lune-long spans, reactions ezinkulu, kunye neentshukumo ezinzima, nazo ziyazuza kwiibheringi ze-elastomeric. Zihlala zibonelela ngexabiso kunye neenzuzo zokusebenza ngaphezu kweebheringi ze-pot okanye ze-disc kwezi meko.

Iibheringi zembiza

Iibheringi zeembiza zizixhobo eziqinileyo ezenzelwe ukusingatha imithwalo ephezulu kunye nokujikeleza okubalulekileyo. Izinto eziphambili zebheringi yeembiza ziquka imbiza yentsimbi, i-elastomeric pad, ipleyiti yentsimbi engagqwaliyo, kunye neringi yokutywina. Umgaqo wokusebenza ubandakanyai-elastomeric pad evalelwe ngaphakathi kwimbiza yentsimbi. Le pad isebenza njengolwelo phantsi koxinzelelo lwezigaba ezintathu, ivumela ukujikeleza okukhulu. Ukushenxiswa okuthe tye kwenzeka ngokushukuma phakathi kwepleyiti ye-PTFE kwipiston kunye nepleyiti yentsimbi engatyiwayo. Umzi-mveliso okhethekileyo weebheringi wenza ezi zinto ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

Iibheringi zeembiza zibonelela ngomthamo womthwalo omangalisayo kunye nobuchule bokujikeleza. Ngokwesiqhelo zinomthamo wokuthwala olingana ne-100% yomthamo wazo woyilo, kunye nesibonelelo sokulayisha ngaphezulu kwe-10%. Ezi bheringi zenzelwe ukulayisha kakhulu, rhoqoidlula i-50,000 kNZiyakwazi nokwamkela ukujikeleza okukhulu, ukusuka kwi-radians eziyi-0 ukuya kwi-0.03. Umzekelo, ezinye iibheringi zeembiza zinokusingatha amandla afikelela kwi-60 MN kunye nokujikeleza okude kwe-±300 mm.

Iibheringi eziNgqingqileyo

Iibheringi ezijikelezayo zilungele izakhiwo ezifuna umthwalo omkhulu kunye nentshukumo ejikelezayo ebonakalayo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo. Zinomphezulu ogobileyo otyibilikayo ovumela ukujikeleza okukhulu kunye nokutshintshana kwe-angular. Iinkcukacha zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zezi ndawo zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle.

Umphezulu ogobileyo udla ngokuba ne-liner yelaphu le-PTFE elukiweyo. Le liner idla ngokuba nobukhulu obuphakathiIi-intshi eziyi-0.020 (0.5 mm) kunye nee-intshi eziyi-0.125 (3.2 mm)emva kokucinezelwa. Umphezulu ongqukuva unokuba yintsimbi eqinileyo engagqwaliyo. Okanye, isenokuba yintsimbi yekhabhoni enobukhulu obuyi-3/32 intshi (2.4 mm) obungaphezulu kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Olunye ukhetho yi-hard chromium plating, esetyenziswa ngokwe-Federal Specification QQ-C-320B Class 2, enobunzima beRockwell C obuyi-60 ubuncinane. Lo mphezulu upholishwa ude ufikelele kwi-20 microinch (0.5 micrometer) ephezulu.iibheringi ezicacileyo eziziingqukuva ezingenasondlo, kufakwa iileya ezikhethekileyo ezityibilikayo zezinto zanamhlanje, ezingashukumi kakhulu, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke kwimithwalo enzima enecala elingaguqukiyo.

Iibheringi ezityibilikayo (PTFE)

Iibheringi ezityibilikayo, ezidla ngokusebenzisa iPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), zenza kube lula ukunyakaza ngendlela eguqulelayo ngaphandle kokungqubana okuncinci. Iinjineli ziyila ezi bheringi ukuze zivumele iindawo zesakhiwo ukuba zityibilike phezu kwenye.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuyilo lweebheringi zePTFE zibalulekile. I-PTFE idla ngokubaifakwa phakathi kweepleyiti ezimbini zentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Indawo yomphezulu we-PTFE idla ngokuba ncinci kuneepleyiti zentsimbi ukuthintela ukuqhekeka, okubangelwa kukuguquguquka phantsi kwemithwalo enzima eqhubekayo. Kwiijikelezo ezinkulu, ezidlula iidigri ezi-5, i-PTFE isetyenziswa kwiindawo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo egobileyo. Ukunciphisa ukuqhekeka, iinjineli zisebenzisa i-PTFE enezimfanta okanye ziyivale kwipleyiti engasemva. Oku kunceda ukuqulatha izinto. Ukukhusela umphezulu otyibilikayo kwinkunkuma yokwakha efana nokutshiza kwe-weld, ipeyinti, kunye neefayile zesinyithi ngexesha lokufakwa nako kubalulekile. Iibheringi zesilayidi ezithe tyaba eziqhelekileyo zisingatha intshukumo ethe tyaba kwaye zivumela kuphela ukujikelezwa okuncinci, okuhlala kungaphantsi kweedigri ezi-5. Kwiijikelezo ezibalulekileyo, iibheringi ezikhethekileyo ezigobileyo okanye ezingqukuva ziyafuneka. Indibano epheleleyo yeebheringi zesilayidi ifunaipleyiti yesinyithi esingenasici ekhazimlisiweyo njengomphezulu wokudibana. I-PTFE okanye i-graphite pad iyatyibilika kulo mphezulu, ifikelela kwi-coefficient ephantsi yokungqubana. Ubukhulu be-PTFE buyahluka ngokweemfuno zobushushu; umaleko we-3mm uqhelekile kumaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-130°C, ngelixa umaleko we-5mm obekwe kwipleyiti egobileyo usetyenziselwa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200°C.

I-coefficient yokungqubana kwe-PTFE kwiibheringi ezityibilikayo ingahluka. Ukungena kwe-chloride, umzekelo, kunokubangela ukuba i-coefficient yokungqubana komaleko we-PTFE inyuke ukusuka0.05 ukuya ku-0.12Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukubai-coefficient yokungqubana kwee-polymers ukukhuhlana neentsimbi kunciphisangokonyuka komthwalo. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba i-friction coefficient iyanda ngokonyuka komthwalo. Oku kugxininisa indlela entsonkothileyo yokuziphatha kwe-PTFE phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.

Iibheringi zeRoller kunye neRocker

Iibheringi zeroli kunye neebheringi zeroli ziintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezivumela intshukumo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Iibheringi zeroli zinceda kakhuluiintshukumo ezithe tye ecaleni kwe-axis enyeZisebenza kakhulu kwiintshukumo ezinkulu zokuguqula kodwa azilungelani kakuhle neentshukumo zokujikeleza. Iibheringi zeRocker, ngokuchaseneyo, zilungele zombini iintshukumo zokujikeleza kunye nezokuguqula.

Ngokwembali, ii-roller kunye nee-rocker bearings zifumene usetyenziso kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Nangona ulwakhiwo lwanamhlanje ludla ngokuthanda ezinye iintlobo zee-bearings, ezi zakhiwo zemveli zisasetyenziswa kakhulu. Umzekelo, ubuchwepheshe bee-roller rocker buxhaphakile kwiizithuthi zabakhweli, izithuthi zorhwebo, kunye neemoto zomdyarho. Ziyandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenjini, amandla aphumayo, kunye nokuthembeka. Zikwanciphisa ukuguguleka kwenjini kwaye zandisa amaxesha okugcinwa kwayo. Ezi bearing zikwasetyenziswa kwiIinjini ze-V6 kunye ne-Inline-6, kunye nezithuthi ezikhethekileyo kunye nokwakhiwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, apho iimfuno ezithile zokusebenza zifuna izisombululo ezenzelwe wena.

Apho kusetyenziswa khona iibheringi: Iingcaciso ezivela kwiFektri yeebheringi

Iibheringi zizinto ezibalulekileyo kumacandelo okwakha ahlukeneyo.umzi-mveliso wokuthwala uvelisa ezi zinto zibalulekileyokwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo kunye nobude bexesha.

Iibhulorho kunye neeNdlela zokugqitha

Iibhulorho, ingakumbi izakhiwo ezinde, zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuthwala eziphucukileyo. Iinjineli zichazaiibheringi zephedi yelaphukwiibhloko eziqinileyo nezinzima ezifana neebhlorho zebhokisi ezixineneyo emva koxinzelelo. Ezi bearings zinika umthamo ophezulu womthwalo kwaye zisebenzisa umphezulu otyibilikayo we-PTFE ukuze zihambe. Iibearings ze-High Load Multi-Rotational (HLMR), ingakumbi ii-disk bearings, ziphatha imithwalo egqithisileyo kunye nokujikeleza okukhulu, okuxhaphakileyo kwiibhlorho ze-girder zepleyiti yentsimbi eguquguqukayo.Iibheringi ezityibilikayozikwalungele iibhulorho ezinde; zenza kube lula ukutshintsha okuthe tye.Iibheringi zebhulorhoboyisa imingeni kwiindlela ezigobileyo ngokuvumela izakhiwo ezingaphaya kwamandla ukuba zilungelelane namandla angqameneyo kunye namandla okujika. Balawula ukuguquguquka okuthe tye kwaye bagcina ukuqina okuthe nkqo kwiidekhi ezine-span ezininzi. Iibheringi zikwalwa neempendulo eziguqukayo ezivela kwizithuthi kunye nomthwalo we-seismic, kwaye zijonganaukwandiswa kobushushu, kwaye zithwala uxinzelelo lokuxinana ngexesha leziganeko zokunyikima. Zinciphisa izinto ezingqongileyo ezifana nokufuma kunye nezinto ezibangela ukubola.

Izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo

Izakhiwo eziphakamileyo zisebenzisa iibheringi ukulawula imithwalo enamandla kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kwenyikima.Iibheringi ze-Elastomericzibalulekile; zilawula ukushukuma komoya kwaye zibonelela ngokuguquguquka ngaphandle kokubeka phantsi amandla. Ziphucula uzinzo lwesiseko ngokwamkela utshintsho lomhlaba kwaye zinciphisa ukungcangcazela kwabahlali ngexesha lenyikima okanye imimoya enamandla. Izakhiwo ezikwiintaba-mlilo ezifana neBurj Khalifa zibonisa ukusebenza kwazo.Iibheringi zokwahlulwa kwenyikima, ebekwe phakathi kwesakhiwo nesiseko sesakhiwo, ivumela isakhiwo ukuba sihambe ngokuzimeleyo ngexesha lenyikima. Oku kunciphisa ukudluliselwa kwamandla enyikima, kukhusela isakhiwo kunye nokungaphakathi kwaso. Ezi bearing zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okuthe tye kokushukuma ngelixa zigcina ukuqina okuthe nkqo. Umzi-mveliso wee bearing uyila ezi nkqubo ukuze zisebenze kakuhle.

Ezinye iiProjekthi zeZiseko zoPhuhliso

Iiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso ezikhethekileyo, njengeenkundla zemidlalo kunye nezityalo zamandla, nazo zisebenzisa izisombululo zeebheringi eziphambili. Ezi zixhobo zihlala zisebenzisa iibheringi zokwahlukanisa inyikima. Iibheringi ze-elastomeric, ezenziwe ngerabha kunye neepleyiti zentsimbi, zibonelela ngokuguquguquka kwaye zikhuphe amandla. Iibheringi ezityibilikayo, ezihlala zifaka iinkqubo ze-friction pendulum, zivumela intshukumo elawulwayo kwizakhiwo ezinkulu, ezithwele kakhulu. Iibheringi ze-hybrid zidibanisa iimpawu zeentlobo ze-elastomeric kunye ne-sliding, zibonelela ngokwahlukana kwe-multi-axis kwizakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo apho izisombululo zemveli zinganelanga.

Iibheringi zizinto eziyimfuneko kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwanamhlanje. Ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye nobude bexesha lezakhiwo. Ezi zinto zibalulekileyo zilawula ngokufanelekileyo imithwalo kwaye zilungele iintshukumo. Iibheringi zinceda izakhiwo ukuba zimelane noxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza, nto leyo ezenza zibe zibalulekileyo kwiziseko zophuhliso zanamhlanje. Umzi-mveliso weebheringi ezikhethekileyo uhlala uvelisa ezi ndawo zibalulekileyo.

FAQ

Yintoni umsebenzi oyintloko weebheringi zokwakha?

Iibheringi zithwala imithwalo kwaye zilungele iintshukumo phakathi kweendawo zokwakha. Ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo kunye nobude baso ngokulawula amandla anjengokwanda, ukucutheka, kunye nokujikeleza.

Iibheringi zinegalelo njani kukhuseleko lokushukuma kwehlabathi kwizakhiwo?

Iibheringi zokwahlulwa kwe-seismic zivumela izakhiwo ukuba zihambe ngokwazo ngexesha lenyikima. Oku kunciphisa ukudluliselwa kwamandla e-seismic, kukhusela isakhiwo kunye nokuqukethwe kwaso ekonakaleni.

Zeziphi iintlobo zeebhereyitha ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiibhulorho?

Iibhulorho zihlala zisebenzisa iibheringi ze-elastomeric, imbiza, i-spherical, kunye ne-sliding. Ezi ntlobo zilawula imithwalo enzima, ukwanda kobushushu, kunye neentshukumo ezahlukeneyo ngokufanelekileyo.